The exclusion of women from the decision-making processes and control of natural resources has resulted in detrimental effects on gender equality, sustainable development, and environmental conservation. Therefore, it is imperative to recognize the significance of a gender approach and gender mainstreaming in natural resource management.

In developing countries, the contemporary ecological challenges faced by communities revolve around the equitable distribution of resources, especially in the context of agriculture and food production. The statistics provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) highlight the crucial role women play in the agricultural labor force, comprising approximately 43% globally and even higher percentages in African and Asian countries, where they often constitute over half of the farm labor force.

Despite their substantial contribution to agricultural activities, women encounter numerous obstacles when it comes to accessing water, land, and ensuring food security. One of the primary struggles they face is the lack of legal rights to the land they cultivate and the water resources necessary for irrigation. This issue is particularly prevalent in various regions where women face discrimination in terms of land rights and access to communal land.

Moreover, women often find themselves excluded from decision-making processes concerning natural resource governance and practices within their communities. This exclusion significantly hinders their ability to influence climate change strategies and adaptation efforts, which are vital for sustainable development. By overlooking the perspectives and expertise of women, societies miss out on valuable insights and innovative solutions that could contribute to effective resource management.

Traditionally, the concept of water-land-food (WLF) security has been approached from a top-down perspective, perpetuating the marginalization of women in terms of accessing and controlling water and land resources. This exclusion not only undermines gender equality but also hampers the overall goals of achieving food security and sustainable development.

Therefore, implementing a gender approach and gender mainstreaming in natural resource management is paramount. This involves recognizing the specific challenges faced by women in relation to land and water access, empowering them to participate in decision-making processes, and ensuring their rights and entitlements are protected. By incorporating gender considerations into resource management strategies, it becomes possible to foster inclusive and sustainable practices that benefit both women and the environment.